• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:DK200800065U1
    申请号:DK200800065U
    申请日:2008-04-09
    公开日:2008-05-09
    发明作者:Jonsson Svein；Kofoad Carsten
    申请人:Skumtech As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DK 2008 00065 U3
    Construction for construction
    The object of creation is a construction for use in construction, in particular the construction of underground spaces such as tunnels and mines or pipelines in stable rocks.
    Fastening equipment is used especially frequently in tunnel construction. In this connection, tunnels must be distinguished between stable rocks and unstable rocks. A stable rock does not collapse when the tunnel is broken. On the other hand, an unstable rock requires a sustainable stiffening of the tunnel, which can take up part of the rock's weight. In unstable rocks, a steel or concrete support is usually used. Combinations of steel and concrete can also be used. The concrete reinforcement is most often carried out at the construction site. Another common method is to use concrete walls that are manufactured in a factory and transported to the construction site.
    The strength problem lapses with stable rocks.
    However, the problem of how to secure a fallout against falling stones still exists. This problem is usually solved with spray concrete. Concrete is sprayed onto the rock wall in the tunnel, hardening and forming a protective layer.
    Another problem is leaking water.
    In winter, the water freezes. There is a risk of falling ice clumps. This risk is usually countered by a sealing film. Depending on the thickness of the foil, webs are also spoken. Occasionally you will also hear the term membrane.
    The sealing foil leads the water away. At the same time, a water insulation prevents the water from freezing.
    The foil cover consists of foil webs.
    The foil webs are placed on the rock wall with overlap so that the foil edges can subsequently be welded together.
    The film is fixed in different ways.
    2 DK 2008 00065 U3
    Initially, anchors were installed and the foil clamped in the anchors between two sheets. Below the holes were made in the foil. Efforts were made to close each hole by means of a seal with two neoprene discs disposed on each side of the foil. The sealing effect was very modest as the water could still penetrate along the anchors.
    With small strength requirements, a foil fastening using a plastic bracket designed as a roundabout has been common in the past. The round is seamed or pushed into the rock or in an initial, applied concrete layer. In ice-skating, the roundabouts are not knocked into the rock with a hammer or the like, but are driven into the rock or the first applied spray-concrete layer by means of a blasting cartridge.
    The usual roundabouts are e.g. shown and described in DE-3244000C1, DE4100902A1, DE19519595A1, DE8632994.4U1, DE8701969.8U1, DE20217044U1. These rounds-15 clay are welded together with the foil and resulted in a perfect seal.
    This also applies to the bracket attachment shown and described in JP 10-306695.
    Rondelles with a prepared rupture site, DE3244000A1, were considered to be particularly good. At a load on the foil, the rounds must break over at the prepared break point. The strength of the prepared fracture site is significantly below the strength of the foil. In this way, the roundabout breaks first if an excessive drag in the foil occurs. This means that the sealing foil remains undamaged by excessive drag of the foil while the roundabout breaks.
    25 However, the plastic round parts are only suitable for fastening the foils when there is little force in the fastening of the foils and a subsequent application of spray concrete.
    Especially in tunnels, however, great forces appear. In rail tunnels, the 30 through trains produce an extreme air pressure and subsequently an extreme suction pressure. The pressures work on very large surfaces, so that total pressure is created, which requires a sufficiently strong attachment of the tunnel support to the rock. The pressures depend on the running speed of the trains. High-speed trains multiply the pressures over normal railways.
    35 3 DK 2008 00065 U3
    Something similar applies to car tunnels.
    Under such loads, steel pulleys have been fitted as fasteners which are attached to the rock by anchors. The rounds shape the shape of cuticles (through-cut, hollow balls) and tighten the film between them.
    The usual rounds have a diameter of about 150 mm and a thickness of 3 to 4 millimeters. These roundabouts have great strength.
    10 The anchors normally used have a diameter of 12, 14, 16 or 20mm. They are preferably made of stainless steel and are provided with a profile towards the cutting side so that they have high tensile strength in the rock. Appropriate holes are drilled in the rock for the anchors. The anchors are then secured to the holes with a mounting cement or other suitable mounting means.
    15 These anchors, unlike the usual seam design, can absorb really large forces. The loads are led into the rock. Therefore, with the anchors it is possible to build a tunnel cladding that can withstand the loads of passing trains and cars.
    At the free end, the anchors are usually provided with a thread, preferably according to the diameter of the metric thread M12, M14, M16 or M20. At the threaded end, the steel round bars are held between two bolts. The bolts make it possible to adjust the pivots on the anchors.
    The anchors are usually so long that they project past the roundabouts into the tunnel. It serves to secure a wire mesh as retaining fabric when spraying the concrete and to stiffen the tunnel lining by connecting it to the rock.
    The wire grating also acts as reinforcement in the spray concrete layer.
    30 A spacer for the wire mesh can also be mounted on the anchor. Normally used spacers are provided with star-shaped rods to support the wire mesh over the widest possible area.
    In the usual manner of construction, the anchors pierce the foil.
    4 DK 2008 00065 U3
    This method of construction is also known from GB2325946. There, there are anchors, like the carrier lining with a sealing foil and with plastic foam. The cladding is secured by a system of beams, rods and clamping devices. The anchors pierce the foil. Considerations have been made to seal the resulting holes. But the seal was inadequate.
    In practice, it turns out that the mountain water runs along the anchors. This applies to the system known from GB2325946 as well as to anchors with standard bracket for the foil.
    This exposes anchors and fasteners respectively. roundabouts for water loading. The generation is based on the discovery that the water penetrates through the screw thread on the anchors and roundabouts. The water then also runs through the hole made in the foil. There are leaks. Even a drizzle, over a period of time, leads to significant amounts of water. The water can penetrate the inside of the tunnel. In winter, the penetrating water freezes. Icicles are formed, which fall at the latest during the first thaw and pose a dangerous accident risk. In addition, the ice can cause significant damage to the tunnel cover.
    In addition, corrosion is caused by the mountain water and its salt transport.
    To prevent water from entering the threads of the rounds, a rubber ring is usually inserted into the breakthrough holes of the rounds. However, the rubber ring has only a very limited effect as it cannot intervene far enough in the threaded groove of the anchor. However, it is commonly used to provide the threaded side of the rubber ring with knobs that will engage the thread grooves better than a smooth ring. However, it still does not create a sufficient seal.
    JP2000220395 has also undertaken the task of providing sealing of the foil in the area where the anchor breaks through. For this purpose, this document proposes a fastening device which is screwed onto the anchor which protrudes through the foil and is provided with a collar. On the collar there is a glue which must glue the collar to the foil. However, it can only work if the rock wall behind the foil is sufficiently flat and parallel. Even in the illustrations in the document, there is not much level. Furthermore, even in the tunnel itself, with the finest spray concrete layer, there are only very small flat surfaces. In any case, the surfaces of the tunnel ceiling are always curved.
    5 DK 2008 00065 U3
    In addition, there are the rough construction site environments where it is not possible to drill the anchor holes and position the anchors in such a way that the necessary parallelism is achieved.
    In addition, the collar must be pressed against the foil with a socket to obtain a strong bond. In the event of uneven surface or non-parallel surface of the foil, a unilateral and point-like clamping occurs. Any additional screw rotation can damage the foil.
    Furthermore, this solution cannot be used if it is not possible to achieve pressure against the raw rock wall, because the anchor end has too much distance to the rock wall. This is often the case, usually even intentionally.
    JP03030098 includes the same technique as JP2000220395 and has the same problems. This solution is also based on a clamp against the cliff wall respectively. against a concrete layer on the rock wall in the tunnel and cannot be used when there is too much distance from the anchor end into the rock wall or concrete. This solution is also based on a planar and planar concrete surface, which in tunnels is more often the exception than the rule.
    Also JP07042497 is based on an upright against a concrete surface in a tunnel and cannot be used if there is too much distance from the anchor end to the raw rock wall or concrete.
    In addition, tunnels are usually insulated inside to prevent ice formation.
    The goal is to improve the tunnel lining, especially through better anchors. According to the invention, this is achieved with the specific characteristics of the claims.
    First and foremost, it is thought that the conductive threads on the anchors must end before the sealing foil. In this way, fasteners with a shape other than roundabouts can also be used. Therefore, in the following we talk about brackets in general and about pulleys specifically.
    In contrast to the traditional roundabouts, the brackets according to the production can choose whether the outer bracket should pierce the foil. This 6 DK 2008 00065 U3 does not preclude the anchor from entering the bracket. What is crucial is that all holes, including all capillary holes, are closed. This can always be achieved if the attachment is without a breakthrough hole.
    The connection between the outside bracket and the anchor is possible without a breakthrough hole. It can be done using a studs. The bounce or a bounce-like thickening can be adapted to the outside bracket. Preferably, the socket is welded externally to the bracket or otherwise fastened.
    Towards the anchor, the stud should have a bottom hole designed as a threaded hole.
    The bracket and the bounce as a single part can e.g. cast as a piece of mold.
    However, the bracket should preferably be in several parts.
    With several parts there are several different designs.
    For example, the plug may have a bottom hole with an internal thread and be welded together with the bracket of the desired length. The threaded hole fits the anchor thread. The welding can be done on the inside of the bracket. In this case, the bump in the multi-part model protrudes through a suitable hole in the bracket, so that a weld seam can be laid all the way around the inside of the bouncing rod that protrudes.
    When the device is in several parts, welding of the plug on the outside of the bracket should be preferred.
    Thereby, the possibility of giving the plug different screw positions on the anchor end is utilized. This option is greater the longer the bounce.
    There may also be threaded pieces that help to find the correct stud position.
    There may also be different mandrels which allow an adjustment to the different screw positions of the studs. For this purpose, the various mandrel threads have different lengths which can be screwed into the socket.
    Optionally, threaded rods or mandrels may also be provided on the inside of the bracket, the length of which compensates for greater distances from the anchor end to the tunnel center.
    7 DK 2008 00065 U3
    The outside of the stud can be closed with an adapter. The purpose of the adapter is to connect to the bracket. This includes the adapter having to close the stud's threaded hole and even form a threaded hole whereby the bracket can be screwed onto the anchor end. Therefore, the adapter on the stud side has a thread loss and a thickening. With the threaded pin, the adapter can be screwed into the threaded hole of the stud. With the thickening, the adapter can sit against the plug and close the threaded hole.
    In the thickening there is a bottom hole with threads which is adapted to the anchor thread.
    With the adapter, the above deficiencies in the usual fasteners can be eliminated. This means that by screwing an adapter, a threaded bracket can be transformed into a bracket according to the invention.
    The threaded hole in the socket on the conventional bracket may be long enough or too short for the inside to also be able to carry a mandrel for securing the wire mesh and for establishing the connection between the spray concrete and the surrounding rock wall. If the threaded hole is too short, the adapter may have an extended pin which protrudes on the inner side / reaches into the tunnel and forms a mandrel.
    The plug or adapter may be fully or partially cylindrical or fully or partially angled, e.g. six edge shape one. such studs may be extended by a rod of round cross-section or a rod of hexagonal cross-section. The same goes for raw materials for making an adapter.
    Initially, the bracket can be tightened as much as possible by hand. For the final clamping, it is an advantage to use tools. When using a clamp pliers, it is not necessary that the plug or adapter is specially prepared for clamping. With the clamping plunger, with sufficient tightening, sufficient friction can be created that a tightening torque can be transferred to the bracket or adapter large enough to secure the bracket securely to the anchor.
    If a stud or adapter has an angular cross-section, a spanner can be used for clamping. Fork wrenches are easier and faster to attach and remove than a clamp.
    Alternatively, the bracket is provided with a cylindrical stud and the cylindrical stud is provided with two key faces for a wrench (wrench). The key surfaces can be brought through milling, grinding or pressing. Pressing can have financial advantages over the use of hexagonal profiles.
    Using the plug or adapter, screw the bracket to the anchor. The bounce can be short or long. The longer the plug or adapter, the greater the adjustment or adjustment range of the bracket.
    In the desired mounting position, the bracket can be secured to the threaded rod with a counter nut.
    The setting of the bracket is important:
    If the tunnel is broken with high tolerances
    If the anchor holes in the rock do not allow the anchor to be adjusted in the hole
    If the anchor holes in the rock are mounted without regard to the location of the anchor ends to be connected to the brackets
    Thereby, the anchor ends protruding from the rock have greater or less distance to the ideal building line for a tunnel. By means of the setting, the brackets can be adapted to the Ideal building line.
    In slit-filled rocks, there is a particularly great need for setting. There can even be very great distance from the anchor ends to the ideal construction line. This can be compensated for by using longer anchors. Preferably, similar anchors and extension rods are used between the anchors and the fasteners. The extension rods are especially threaded rods. The extension rods and anchors are then assembled using threaded sleeves. The threaded sleeves may be separate parts or mounted on the threaded rod.
    The use of separate threaded rods reduces material consumption. Namely, the extension rods can be cut to the desired dimensions from long threaded rods.
    The cut is easy. It is either done with saws or angle grinders. It is best to use an angle grinder with a suitable grinding wheel. The most commonly used angle grinders are the so-called flex machines. That is why this work is called flexing.
    The use of threaded rods fitted with a threaded sleeve at the factory facilitates work on the construction site. This will move part of the work process to the factory.
    9 DK 2008 00065 U3 At the factory, welding work is much better than at the construction site. This applies both in terms of quality and time consumption.
    A separate threaded sleeve can also be provided with different threads, namely with a left-hand thread at one end and a right-hand thread at the other. In this way, the corresponding ends of the threaded rod and the anchor end fit together. The advantage of these threaded sleeves is that, by turning in one direction, they can screw both the corresponding ends together at the same time and by turning in the other direction they can loosen both ends simultaneously.
    In the screw joints between respectively. anchor and bracket, anchor and sleeve and extension rod as well as extension rod and bracket a minimum overlap must be calculated for the screwed-in parts. The overlap depends on material and load. The minimum overlap can be found by means of very few extraction experiments.
    Furthermore, the determination of the minimum overlap and the approximation to the minimum dimension is not absolutely necessary. For safety and financial reasons, it is more obvious to choose an overlap where clear security is guaranteed. This overlap can be calculated by using screws with the same thread. Preferably, a safety factor of at least 1.5 must be used when calculating the dimensions.
    The same goes for respectively. The diameter of the sleeve and studs also here, the minimum dimensions must be determined depending on the material and load. For the load on the sleeve it is essential if and with what tool the handle is gripped at the joint. Here, too, a minimum target can be determined based on a few attempts. On the other hand, especially when using screw-in tools, it makes sense to use the dimensions of a screw nut with the same thread as the dimensions of the socket. Here, too, a safety factor of at least 1.5 should be used when calculating the dimensions.
    In a further extension of the production, an inner bracket is screwed onto the outer bracket.
    For this purpose, the outer bracket should be provided with a mandrel which is at least partially threaded.
    10 DK 2008 00065 U3
    The same applies to the mandrel as for the studs described above.
    The mandrel may be formed together with the outer bracket so that these form an integral workpiece.
    However, the mandrel can also be welded or screwed onto the bracket.
    Optionally, the mandrel may also be formed on the studs described above and together with the plug constitute an integral workpiece.
    However, the mandrel can also be welded or screwed onto the socket.
    As described above, if the socket is properly dimensioned, it can be screwed together with the outer bracket in such a way that a surface of the socket seals against an opposite surface.
    The construction in several parts is an advantage if the same material can be used for studs and sleeves. The same goes for the mandrel and extension rod. If desired, the rod can be delivered ready for the construction site. Or you can choose to first install the pole on the construction site.
    The inner bracket is provided with a hole for mounting so that it can be pushed onto the mandrel and screwed in with an appropriate screw.
    Before mounting the inner bracket, slide the foil over the mandrel. Thereby the mandrel pierces the foil. The foil alone or the foil plus a gasket is clamped between the two brackets.
    The two brackets can be round as usual rounds or brackets. You can even use the usual steel rounds, as the openings in these rounds are closed by the described studs, mandrels or rod.
    The fasteners may also have other forms, e.g. square with rounded edges. The brackets can be straight or curved. By adapting the curvature of the bracket to the current tunnel curvature, the formation of folds in the foil is reduced.
    In addition, an inward or outward curvature at the edge of the bracket may be useful to avoid excessive loading of the foil due to the edge pressure at the bracket edge.
    11 DK 2008 00065 U3 In a further development of the production, the foil is clamped at the edge of the fasteners. It has the advantage of achieving the greatest possible distribution of the forces acting against the foil.
    According to the invention, the brackets for edge clamping are designed in such a way that without foil they touch each other at the edge while the other fastening surfaces are spaced apart.
    The length of the mandrel depends on the extent of the concrete structure. Construction can consist of concrete alone. It may also include an insulating layer. The insulation layer is preferably positioned against the rock side behind the concrete.
    The mandrel must then pass through the insulation layer in order to carry at the front end the wire mesh and spacer described above.
    The stud can be passed through an opening in the outer bracket until it protrudes far enough from the bracket on the foil side.
    In this position, the spigot can be welded to the bracket. With the weld, the opening in the bracket is closed.
    Screw a piece of threaded rod into the plug as a mandrel. The mandrel can be secured with a weld seam. The welding seam prevents the mandrel from loosening and at the same time seals the thread.
    The mounting bracket is preferably steel. Steel is very easy to work, incl. welding. The machining properties are particularly advantageous in so-called automatic steel. Vending machines are a term for automated turning and milling machines.
    With these machines it is very economical to produce the special parts that are included in the production.
    Due to the risk of corrosion from the mountain water, these steel parts should be provided with a comprehensive corrosion protection. Here, corrosion protection is usually used with epoxy or zinc. The zinc is applied galvanically or by submerging the items in a hot zinc bath. However, the immersion in the hot zinc bath causes a problem with clogged threads.
    The epoxy coating can be dosed very accurately and does not interfere with the threads if the layer does not exceed a certain thickness.
    You can also choose to use stainless steel.
    Or alternatively foamed plastic.
    12 DK 2008 00065 U3 In this context, polyamide and polyester are particularly suitable, preferably reinforced with a fiber reinforcement and / or a weave reinforcement.
    The brackets can have different dimensions. You can think of fasteners with diameters or edge lengths from 10 mm to 2000 mm. Preferably, dimensions of from 80 to 300 mm are used, and most preferably from 130 to 300 mm.
    It will also be advantageous if the brackets have a curvature adapted to the curvature of the tunnel. This results in a gentle clamping of the foil between the fasteners.
    Bowl or cup-shaped brackets are not quite as good for clamping the foil. In contrast, such brackets have much greater stability than a plate which is simply adapted to the tunnel curvature. This allows a reduction in the plate thickness of the brackets. Thicknesses of 2.5 mm or less may be sufficient.
    The above explanations for the production based on a tunnel structure apply similarly to the use of the production in mining corridors.
    With the sprayed concrete structure, a solid concrete shell is formed in a tunnel, which is connected to the rock by means of anchors. However, the tunnel construction is subjected to considerable loads from today's car traffic or from train traffic.
    This traffic causes heavy pressure and suction waves. The strength of these depends on the volume and speed of the cars and trains and on the dimensions of the tunnel.
    The force from the pressure and suction waves is transmitted to the rock via the anchors described above. Therefore, there are extremely high demands on the strength of the anchor fastening in the rock. This has in practice led to the use of anchor rods with a diameter of at least 16 and preferably 20 mm, and that they are arranged at even, relatively short distance.
    Fig. 1 shows a tunnel fracture 1 in stable rock.
    Anchors are regularly placed in the rock. For this purpose, suitable holes have been drilled and the anchors fixed in the holes with mounting cement. From the anchors, the middle axes 2 are shown.
    13 DK 2008 00065 U3
    The tunnel breach 1 must show the construction of a tunnel.
    In order to drain the leaking water and protect against falling rocks, a spray concrete structure is established in the tunnel quarry.
    Spray concrete construction consists roughly of a foil layer 4 and a spray concrete layer 3. The foil layer 4 is composed of single webs, which are mounted with overlap and welded together at the overlapping edges. This is done with two weld seams next to each other with a certain distance between them. The fluff space between the weld seams is filled with compressed air to check that the seams are tight.
    FIG. 2 shows details of the spray concrete structure.
    More anchor 5 is shown schematically. The anchor 5 is at the end protruding from the rock connected to a bracket 14. Against the bracket 14, the foil layer 4 rests.
    On the side of the foil layer facing away from the bracket 14, there is a bracket 15. The brackets 14 and 15 clamp the foil layer 4 firmly between them.
    In addition, the fasteners carry a spacer 13 for a tread grating 12. The wire grille 12 has two tasks. It is used in the construction of the spray-concrete layer 3 by preventing the concrete which backs from the foil layer from falling. In addition, the wire grid 12 acts as reinforcement of the concrete layer.
    In the case of spray-concrete structures, the structure has a weight relative to its shape that the structure without the anchors would collapse before it had obtained sufficient strength. The anchors carry the weight of the sprayed concrete layer into the rock.
    When the spray concrete layer is hardened, the anchors form a firm connection between the structure and the rock.
    FIG. 3 shows more details of the construction.
    Herein, the fasteners to the cut side, hereafter referred to as exterior fasteners, are designated 9. The fastener 9 has in the example shown a round and at the same time vaulted shape, like a calot.
    On the outside, a threaded tube 8 is welded and on the opposite side (inside) a threaded rod 10. Welded between the anchor 5 and the bracket 9 is an extension rod 7. The extension rod is necessary because the anchor is located in a rock slot and the distance to the the bracket 9 must be equalized.
    The threaded tube 8 forms a stud on the bracket 9, the threaded rod 10 a mandrel.
    14 DK 2008 00065 U3
    The extension rod 7 is screwed into the socket on the bracket 9.
    At the opposite end, the extension rod 7 is screwed together with the anchor 5 by means of a threaded sleeve 6. For this purpose, the anchor end, the inner sleeve and the extension rod are threaded.
    FIG. 4 and 5 show another exemplary embodiment of the bracket according to the invention. The outer bracket is designated 20 and the internal bracket is designated 21.
    On the outside bracket 20, a stud 22. A weld 22. Unlike FIG. 3, the plug 22 is not only located on the closed end of the bracket, but is passed through a centered opening at the bottom of the bracket 20, so that the plug 22 protrudes a portion on the inner side. The dimensions of the protruding piece are closely aligned to the specifications of two seals 27 and 28 which seal the foil layer - in FIG. 4 denoted 26 between them. The target determines the possible compression of the seals 27 and 28 by clamping the foil layer 26.
    Seals 27 and 28 and foil layer 26 are provided with holes large enough to be pushed over a mandrel protruding from the threaded rod 23 and the protruding stud 22.
    Unlike FIG. 3, the socket 22 is provided with a bottom hole at both ends. The two bottom holes are separated from each other by a material wall. In the bottom hole on the foil side, the threaded rod 23 sits as a mandrel.
    In the opposite, external bottom hole - in the current mounting position - is the anchor.
    The material wall described prevents leakage via the thread.
    In the exemplary embodiment, the seals 27 and 28 consist of polyethylene foam having a weight of 30 kg per unit weight. In other embodiments, the room weight is 18 to 40 kg per cubic meter. cubic meters. The seals are tasked to offset unevenness in the surfaces of the fasteners and foil as well as offset any. position bias between the brackets. Here, the thickness of the seals is 5 mm, in other embodiments 3 to 10 mm. When the two fasteners are tightened, the seals are forcefully compressed so that their bulk weight is close to the bulk of the foamed polyethylene.
    By tightening the two fasteners, the thickness of the seal is reduced by at least 50%, preferably by at least 70% and even better by at least 90%. The reduction applies to foam volume. This consideration does not take into account the volume of the foamed foil of the same plastic and with the same surface weight. This means that the nominal starting target thickness reduction must be reduced by the thickness of the foamed foil.
    FIG. Figures 13 to 17. show another embodiment of the bracket according to the invention.
    The outer bracket is designated 520 and the interior bracket is 521.
    On the outside bracket 520, a stud 522 is welded. The stud 522 has like the stud according to Fig. 3 two bottom holes, designated 528 and 529. The thread in the plug and on the anchor is M16.
    Unlike FIG. 3, the plug 522 is not only located on the closed end of the bracket, but is passed through a centered opening at the bottom of the bracket 520 and welded thereon. The welding seam, which goes all the way around, has the designation 525. The two bottom holes are provided with an internal thread. In the bottom hole 528 facing outward, the anchor is secured.
    Furthermore, no spacer is provided, so that the possible compression of the seals by the clamping of the foil layer is determined solely by the compressive force in a clamping direction. The clamping device consists of a threaded rod 524 and a clamping nut 523. The inner bracket 521 has, like the outer bracket, a bowl shape.
    In FIG. 13 to 15, the fasteners / cups are shown at a distance and without intermediate foil and seal, in FIG. 16, they are shown lying within each other. At the edge, bracket 521 is curved inward, while bracket 520 is curved outward. In addition, brackets 521 are less curved in the middle than brackets 520. Thus, the two brackets touch each other at the edge.
    In the embodiment example, mount 520 has an outside diameter of 300mm, mount 521 has an outside diameter of 222 mm. In other embodiments, other targets may be selected.
    Bracket 520 is selected as a bowl in such a way that in the position according to FIG. 35 has full contact with bracket 521. In this embodiment, a depth of bracket 520 of 32 mm is thereby obtained.
    16 DK 2008 00065 U3
    The exemplary embodiments of FIG. 18 and 19 differ from the examples in FIG. 13 to 17 at other brackets 637 and 538. Bracket 537 has an outer diameter of 160 mm against bracket 520. In addition, bracket 520 is not as deep as bracket 521. Anchor 526 has the same construction as anchor 535. The same is true for studs 536 and 522 as well as for threaded rods 539 and 524 and for tension nuts 540 and 523.
    The bracket 538 has the same construction as the bracket 537 and is mirrored. This results in a different clamping of the foil between two brackets than in the embodiment examples in fig. 13 to 17.
    In another embodiment, the seals are self-adhesive on both sides. The adhesive surfaces are covered with silicone-coated paper before mounting. The paper is first pulled off on the touch surface toward bracket 20. Then the seal 28 can be positioned on bracket 20 and pressed. Then, the paper is pulled off the contact surface between seal 28 and the foil layer 26 and the foil layer is pressed against the seal. Provisional retention of the foil layer 26 occurs.
    Upon further mounting, the paper is pulled from the touch surface of seal 27 toward the film layer 26, after which the seal 27 is positioned on the film layer 26 and pressed firmly.
    Subsequently, the paper is pulled from the contact surface of seal 27 with the inner bracket and bracket 21 pushed into the mandrel. Bracket 21 is provided with an opening slightly larger than the diameter of the threaded rod 23, but at the same time considerably smaller than the diameter of the stud 22.
    When the inner bracket is pushed, the situation as shown in FIG. 5. In this situation, no pressure is exerted on the seals. The seals have the shapes and thicknesses denoted by 27 'and 28'.
    With a screw nut 25, the fasteners 20 and 21 are pressed together until the seals 27 and 28 exert the desired pressure against the foil layer on one side and against the contact surfaces with the fasteners on the other side.
    This pressure also results in a clamping of the foil.
    Together with the adhesive, a particularly advantageous retention of the foil layer results.
    17 DK 2008 00065 U3
    FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the fasteners.
    Here, the brackets are designated 30 and 31. The two brackets 30 and 31 connect a foil layer 32 between them.
    Unlike the embodiment of FIG. 3 to 5, the outer bracket 31 is provided with a cup-like recess. The inner bracket 30 lies as a lid in the cup-like bracket 31, so that a desired clamping takes place between the curved edges. In this connection, sloping surfaces which wedge against each other act, so that with low force a suitable clamping can be achieved, including a clamping over a large surface.
    In addition, to prevent damage to the foil, bracket 31 is provided with a curved edge 33.
    FIG. 8 shows a possible honeycomb shape 43 for the FIG. 2.
    FIG. 7 shows a spacer 40 for positioning the wire grid. The spacer 40 is pressed by means of an additional screw nut against the screw nut 25. The spacer is provided with various arms on which the wire grating 43 can be fastened.
    FIG. 9 shows a normal external bracket 40 with a centered, through thread and with an adapter 42. Adapter 42 has a mandrel 41 with an external thread. For the mandrel 41, adapter 42 has an outside diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the fitted stud 44 on the bracket 40. Adapter 42 is screwed into its bracket 40 with its mandrel 41 in such a way that adapter 42 terminates tightly against the socket 44, respectively. that the two contact surfaces are tense against each other. The two contact surfaces are machined in such a way that no leakage can occur. If desired, the seal can be further secured with a seal ring 45.
    On the outside, adapter 42 has a bottom hole 43 with threads in which it is possible to screw the anchor.
    30
    FIG. 10 also shows a normal exterior bracket 50 with a centered, threaded thread. This bracket is combined with a mandrel 51, with a collar 52 and a part 53. With the part 53, the mandrel from the inside is screwed through the bracket and into a threaded sleeve 54, described above, for extension purposes. The collar 52 35 ends tightly to the bracket 50 and the threaded sleeve 54 ends tightly to the socket 57 on the bracket.
    18 DK 2008 00065 U3
    The contact surfaces are machined in the same way as in FIG. 9th
    In addition, a seal 56 is inserted between the collar 52 and the bracket 50.
    FIG. Figures 11 and 12 show a concrete concrete structure for a tunnel in stable rocks. The rock is designated 101. In the rock are threaded rods 102 as anchors. For this purpose, holes are drilled in the rock 101 and the anchors secured to the rock. The anchors are arranged at a distance of 1.2 m in such a way that a whole lot of uniform fastening points are created in the tunnel, where all points lie as corner points in equal squares with an edge length of 1.2 m.
    On each threaded rod 102 a sealing washer 103. A sealing path is laid on this. The laying is done in such a way that the foil is stuck on the protruding anchors. Thereby the anchors 102 pierce the foil. The holes created are closed by means of sealing washers 105. Sealing washers 103 and 105 firmly clamp the foil 104 and additionally close tightly to the anchors 102.
    After mounting the foil 104 in the tunnel, a fast-bonding cement milk is first sprayed onto the foil in the embodiment. The dried cement milk provides a good basis for the subsequent application of spray concrete. The spray concrete is applied in layers, starting at the bottom of the tunnel. The spray concrete layer is designated 106.
    In the exemplary embodiment, the tunnel run is horizontal so that the spray concrete is applied in horizontal layers which are laid from the bottom up onto the foil. The layers have a width corresponding to the desired thickness of the spray concrete layer.
    In other embodiments, the layers have a smaller width, so that the foil is initially applied to an initial concrete layer which covers the entire foil side. Then, another spray concrete layer is applied, which completely covers the first spray concrete layer. This is repeated until the desired thickness of the spray concrete layer is achieved.
    When the concrete layer is finished, the anchors still protrude from the concrete layer. At the protruding end, cladding boards, especially fire-resistant boards, must be fitted. In the embodiment, the plates are fastened to the spray concrete layers with anchors 102 and screw nuts with washers. In order that the threads of the anchors 102 do not become useless due to the spray concrete, the threads are protected by sheaths during the application of the spray concrete.
    权利要求:
    Claims (26)
    [1]
    1. Construction for construction, especially for tunnels or mines in solid cliffs, the construction of which includes • a seal against water in the form of a foil, and * anchors, especially anchors which are placed in the stable rock and keep the construction away from the raw tunnel fracture and any concrete layers applied thereto, wherein the foil is held on the anchors by means of fasteners by clamping the foil between two fasteners, one bracket being arranged on the outside of the foil and the other bracket on the inside of the foil, where the outer bracket is screwed together with the anchor, and wherein a spray concrete layer is built on the foil, characterized in that the outer bracket can be screwed onto the anchor by means of a threaded bottom hole.
    [2]
    Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer bracket against the anchor is provided with a stud which is fixed to or formed on the bracket.
    [3]
    Construction according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer bracket is provided with an adapted or fixed mandrel which is provided with an external thread for fastening with the internal bracket towards the inner bracket.
    [4]
    Construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer bracket a) has a through-centered threaded hole and b) the threaded hole on the outer side is closed with an adapter, c) the adapter with a threaded pin engages the threaded hole of the bracket and d) with one sealing surface against another sealing surface is fastened to the bracket; e) the adapter is provided with an external bottom hole with threads for fastening the bracket to the anchor; f) the anchor at the corresponding end has an external thread 20 DK 2008 00065 U3
    [5]
    5. Construction according to claim 4, characterized in that there is a mandrel with an external thread for clamping the inner bracket.
    [6]
    Construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a) the outer bracket has a through-centered threaded hole and b) the threaded hole on the inside is closed with a mandrel, c) the mandrel engages the threaded hole and d) the mandrel externally is provided with a collar with a sealing surface; e) the mandrel, which with the sealing surface against another sealing surface is fastened to the bracket; f) the mandrel engages a threaded sleeve via the threaded hole and can be screwed onto the anchor by means of the threaded sleeve, and g ) the threaded sleeve can be screwed onto the anchor and mandrel by respective threaded bottom holes.
    [7]
    Construction according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the plug at the inner end has another bottom hole with thread and that a mandrel is screwed inside the thread hole for clamping the inner bracket.
    [8]
    Structure according to one of claims 1, 2, 7, characterized in that the socket is externally against the outer bracket or extends into the hole of the outer bracket.
    [9]
    Structure according to one of claims 1, 2, 7, 8, characterized in that the plug is tightly tightened or welded together with the external bracket.
    [10]
    Structure according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the two brackets are cup-shaped, whereby the cups are interconnected or are mirrored.
    [11]
    Structure according to claim 10, characterized in that the bowl of the outer bracket is larger than the bowl of the inner bracket, so that the inner bracket can lie in the outer bracket and the inner bracket at the edge has an additional inward curvature and the outer bracket. at the edge has extra curvature. 21 DK 2008 00065 U3
    [12]
    Structure according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the two brackets are designed identically and arranged in a mirror facing each other, while at the same time both curving outwards at the edge.
    [13]
    Construction according to one of Claims 4 or 10 to 12, characterized in that the adapter is provided with a threaded pin, which simultaneously forms a mandrel for clamping the inner bracket.
    [14]
    Construction according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that an extension rod is arranged between the anchor end and the outer bracket.
    [15]
    Construction according to claim 14, characterized in that the extension rod consists of a threaded rod having the same type of thread as the corresponding anchor and is provided with a sleeve for connection with the corresponding anchor.
    [16]
    Construction according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that a sleeve for joining the extension rod and the anchor end is formed in the same material as the sleeve constituting the socket on the outer bracket.
    [17]
    Construction according to one of claims 14-16, characterized in that the mandrel consists of the same material as the extension rod and / or the extension rod of the same material as the anchor.
    [18]
    Construction according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the overlap between two parts screwed together has a dimension which is at least equal to the thickness of a screw nut with the same type of thread.
    [19]
    Construction according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the plug has a diameter at least equal to the diameter of a screw nut with the same type of thread.
    19 DK 2008 00065 U3
    [20]
    Construction according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the measure of the overlap between the screwed-in parts and / or the diameter of the plug is calculated with a safety factor of at least 1.5 in relation to a screw nut. 22 DK 2008 00065 U3
    [21]
    Construction according to one of claims 1-20, characterized in that one bracket has a cup-shaped recess and the other is designed as a lid.
    [22]
    Construction according to any one of claims 1-21, characterized by fastening dimensions of 5-10 to 2,000 mm, preferably from 80 to 300 mm and most preferably from 130 to 300 mm.
    [23]
    Construction according to one of claims 1-22, characterized in that the brackets consist wholly or partially of stainless steel and / or plastic.
    [24]
    Construction according to claim 23, characterized in that polyester, in particular PET, or polyamide is used as a plastic and / or a reinforcement in plastic.
    [25]
    Construction according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the plastic is fiber-reinforced. 15
    [26]
    Construction according to one of claims 1-23, characterized in that the brackets are corrosion protected with epoxy or zinc.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK200800065U3|2008-06-27|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE102012012522A1|2011-11-16|2013-05-16|Skumtech As|Expansion in civil engineering|
    法律状态:
    2016-07-08| UUP| Utility model expired|Expiry date: 20160630 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DK200800065U|DK200800065U3|2008-04-09|2008-04-09|Construction for construction|DK200800065U| DK200800065U3|2008-04-09|2008-04-09|Construction for construction|
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